FRANZ LİSZT VE MACAR RAPSODİLERİ

Abstract

FRANZ LISZT AND HUNGARIAN RHAPSODIES

Franz Liszt was born in Hungary, 22 October 1811 and 31 July 1886, his life ended in Germany. He is the one of the most important virtuoso and composer in 19^th century. Composer has contributed to piano literature with piano etudes composed for piano, the dances works, travel books, transcriptions and many other works he composed by using national themes. In this study the Liszt Hungarian Rhapsodies (1846-1853), are 19 and composed by using Hungarian nation themes, were examined with historical description by making literature review. 15^th Hungarian Rhapsody Rakoczy March (a minor) was chosen as an example of Hungarian Rhapsodies which was taught at music schools in Turkey and Rakoczy march’s musical analysis was made. Very limited resources about Hungarian Rhapsodies identified in Turkish literature, so that this study which was made in Franz Liszt 200^th years anniversary of his birth was thout that will contribute to the Turkish literature.  

Key Words: Franz Liszt, Hungarian Rhapsodies, Rakoczy March

ÖZET

Franz Liszt 22 Ekim 1811’de Macaristan’da dünyaya gelmiş ve 31 Temmuz 1886’da Almanya’da hayatı sona ermiştir. 19. yy’ın önemli piyano virtiözü bestecilerinden biridir. Besteci piyano edebiyatına, solo piyano için bestelediği etüdleri, dans formundaki eserleri, yolculuk kitapları, uyarlamaları ve ulusal temalardan yararlanarak bestelediği birçok önemli eserle katkı sağlamıştır. Bu araştırmada Liszt’in Macar melodilerinden yararlanarak bestelediği ve 19 eserden oluşan Macar Rapsodileri (1846-1853) literatür taraması yapılarak tarihsel betimlemeyle incelenmiştir. Piyano eğitimi süresince Türkiye’deki müzik kurumlarında öğretilen Macar Rapsodileri’nden No.15 Rakoczy Marş (la minör) örneklem olarak seçilerek müzikal analizi yapılmıştır. Macar Rapsodileri ile ilgili Türkçe kaynakların çok kısıtlı olduğu tespit edilmiş, bu nedenle Franz Liszt’in doğumun kutlandığı 2011 yılında Türkçe yapılan bu araştırmanın alanına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler: Franz Liszt, Macar Rapsodileri, Rakoczy Marş

KAYNAKÇA

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Park, Yong Sook (2005), National character as expressed in piano literature, Doctorate of  Music thesis, University of Maryland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_Rhapsodies